Professor Tony Butler

Photo of Tony Butler

Associate Professor Tony Butler has over twenty years experience in social and health research in the UK and Australia in a range of areas including mental health, drugs and alcohol, child abuse, Olympic Games public health planning, social services research, and marketing research. In addition to undertaking research he has also spent considerable time working in policy development at state and local government level.

Since completing a PhD in 2001 on risk behaviours and infectious diseases among prisoners, he has continued working in the field of health and criminal justice. This has involved conducting two wide-ranging population-based health surveys of adult prisoners in 1996 and 2001, two surveys of juvenile offenders in custody and in the community, and implementing a world’s first prison injury surveillance system in NSW. In 2003 he headed a group who undertook the largest mental health survey of prisoners in Australia which resulted in national recognition of the problem of mental illness among our incarcerated population. More recently he pioneered the development of national health indicators for prisoners.

Tony has published over 50 articles on prisoners’ health in a diverse range of areas including drug & alcohol. traumatic brain injury, Indigenous prisoners’ health, violence and injury, sexually transmitted infections, blood borne viruses, chronic disease, mental health, mortality among ex-prisoners, women’s health, and adolescent offender health.

Current research projects include: causes of mortality among ex-prisoners; a multi-component intervention for smoking cessation among Australian prisoners; Sexual Health and Attitudes of Australian Prisoners (SHAAP) survey; “breaking the juvenile crime cycle: rehabilitating high-risk juvenile offenders”; the National Prison Entrants’ Bloodborne Virus & Risk Behaviour Survey; an intervention to reduce impulsive-aggressive behaviours in repeat violent offenders; and developing a national minimum dataset for prisoners.

  • No qualifications available

Challakere Ramaswamy, V., Butler, T., Ton, B., Wilhelm, K., Mitchell, P., B., Knight, L., Greenberg, D., Ellis, A., Allnutt, S., H., Jones, J., Gebsky, V. and Carr, V., J. (2023). Self-reported traumatic brain injury in a sample of impulsive violent offenders: neuropsychiatric correlates and possible “dose effects”. Frontiers in Psychology. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1243655 [RJ2106] View web page

Curtis, M., Dietze, P., Wilkinson, A., Agius, P., Stewart, A., Cossar, R., Butler, T., Walker, S., Kirwan, A., Winter, R. and Stoove, M., A. (2023). Discontinuation of opioid agonist treatment following release from prison in a cohort of men who injected drugs prior to imprisonment in Victoria, Australia: A discrete-time survival analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 242. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109730 [RJ2003] View web page

Curtis, M., Wilkinson, A., Dietze, P., Stewart, A., Kinner, S., A., Cossar, R., Nehme, E., Aitken, C., Walker, S., Butler, T., Winter, R. and Smith, K. (2023). Prospective study of retention in opioid agonist treatment and contact with emergency healthcare following release from prisons in Victoria, Australia. Emergency Medicine Journal. doi:10.1136/emermed-2022-212755 [RJ2026] View web page

Curtis, M., Wilkinson, A., Dietze, P., Stewart, A., Kinner, S., A., Winter, R., Campbell, A., Walker, S., Cossar, R., Butler, T. and Stoove, M., A. (2023). Is use of opioid agonist treatment associated with broader primary healthcare use among men with recent injecting drug use histories following release from prison? A prospective cohort study. Harm Reduction Journal, 20, (1). doi:10.1186/s12954-023-00773-2 [RJ2042] View web page

Taflan, P., Simpson, P., Wilson, M., Jones, J., Donovan, B., Amin, J., Nathan, S. and Butler, T. (2023). Sexually transmissible infections (STI) and HIV testing and diagnosis among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal adolescents in contact with the Australian justice system: a cross-sectional study. Sexual Health. doi:10.1071/SH23028 [RJ2076] View web page

Cossar, R., Stewart, A., Wilkinson, A., Dietze, P., Ogloff, J., R., Aitken, C., Butler, T., Kinner, S., A., Curtis, M., Walker, S., Kirwan, A. and Stoove, M., A. (2022). Emergency department presentations in the first weeks following release from prison among men with a history of injecting drug use in Victoria, Australia: A prospective cohort study. International Journal of Drug Policy, 101. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103532 [RJ1837] View web page

Curtis, M., Winter, R., Dietze, P., Wilkinson, A., Cossar, R., Stewart, A., Agius, P., Butler, T., Aitken, C., Kirwan, A., Walker, S. and Stoove, M., A. (2022). High rates of resumption of injecting drug use following release from prison among men who injected drugs before imprisonment. Addiction. doi:10.1111/add.15971 [RJ1909] View web page

Walker, S., Curtis, M., Woods, E., Pierce, L., Kirwan, A., Stewart, A., Cossar, R., Winter, R., Dietze, P., Kinner, S., A., Ogloff, J., R., Butler, T. and Stoove, M., A. (2022). Reflections on the in-prison recruitment and participation of men with a history of injecting drug use, in a longitudinal cohort study in Australia. Journal of Criminology, 55, (4), pp. 586-603. doi:10.1177/26338076221127047 [RJ1971] View web page

Butler, T., Schofield, P., Knight, L., Ton, B., Greenberg, D., Scott, R., J., Grant, L., Keech, A., C., Gebsky, V., Jones, J., Ellis, A., Weatherburn, D., Wilhelm, K., Jones, A., L., Churchill, A., Allnutt, S., H., Mitchell, P., B., Chappell, D., D'Este, C., Villa, D. and Carr, V., J. (2021). Sertraline hydrochloride for reducing impulsive behaviour in male, repeat-violent offenders (ReINVEST): Protocol for a phase IV, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open, 11, (9). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044656 [RJ1788] View web page

Simpson, P., Guthrie, J., Jones, J. and Butler, T. (2021). Identifying research priorities to improve the health of incarcerated populations: results of citizens' juries in Australian prisons. The Lancet Public Health, 6, (10), pp. e771-e779. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00050-5 [RJ1796] View web page

Steele, M., Meurk, C., Schess, J., Yap, L., Jones, J., Harden, S., Davison, S., Butler, T. and Heffernan, E. (2021). Substance use and help-seeking among justice-involved young people in Queensland and Western Australia: A cross-sectional survey of 14–17-year-olds. Drug and Alcohol Review, 40, (4), pp. 617-626. doi:10.1111/dar.13238 [RJ1681] View web page

Stewart, A., Cossar, R., Walker, S., Wilkinson, A., Quinn, B., Dietze, P., Winter, R., Kirwan, A., Curtis, M., Ogloff, J., R., Kinner, S., A., Aitken, C., Butler, T., Woods, E. and Stoove, M., A. (2021). Strategies to maximise study retention and limit attrition bias in a prospective cohort study of men reporting a history of injecting drug use released from prison: the prison and transition health study. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 21, (1). doi:10.1186/s12874-021-01380-0 [RJ1790] View web page

Stewart, A., Cossar, R., Wilkinson, A., Quinn, B., Dietze, P., Walker, S., Butler, T., Curtis, M., Aitken, C., Kirwan, A., Winter, R., Ogloff, J., R., Kinner, S., A. and Stoove, M., A. (2021). The Prison and Transition Health (PATH) cohort study: Prevalence of health, social, and crime characteristics after release from prison for men reporting a history of injecting drug use in Victoria, Australia. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 227. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108970 [RJ1787] View web page

Stewart, A., Cossar, R., Wilkinson, A., Scott, N., Dietze, P., Quinn, B., Kinner, S., A., Aitken, C., Walker, S., Curtis, M., Butler, T., Ogloff, J., R. and Stoove, M., A. (2021). Psychiatric well-being among men leaving prison reporting a history of injecting drug use: A longitudinal analysis. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. doi:10.1177/00048674211048143 [RJ1814] View web page

Wilson, M., Spike, E., Karystianis, G. and Butler, T. (2021). Non-fatal strangulation during domestic violence events in New South Wales: prevalence and characteristics using text mining study of police narratives. Violence Against Women, 28, (10), pp. 2259-2285. doi:10.1177/10778012211025993 [RJ1676] View web page

Borschmann, R., Tibble, H., Spittal, M., J., Preen, D., B., Pirkis, J., Larney, S., Rosen, D., L., Young, J., T., Love, A., D., Altice, F., L., Binswanger, I., A., Bukten, A., Butler, T., Chang, Z., Chen, C., Clausen, T., Christensen, P., B., Culbert, G., J., Degenhardt, L., Dirkzwager, A., J., Dolan, K., Fazel, S., Fischbacher, C., Giles, M., Graham, L., Harding, D., Huang, Y., Huber, F., Karaminia, A., Keen, C., Kouyoumdjian, F., G., Lim, S., Møller, L., Moniruzzaman, A., Morenoff, J., O'Moore, É., Pizzicato, L., N., Pratt, D., Proescholdbell, S., F., Ranapurwala, S., I., Shanahan, M., E., Shaw, J., Slaunwhite, A., Somers, J., Spaulding, A., C., Stern, M., F., Viner, K., M., Wang, N., Willoughby, M., Zhao, B. and Kinner, S., A. (2020). The Mortality After Release from Incarceration Consortium (MARIC): Protocol for a multi-national individual participant data meta-analysis. International Journal of Population Data Science, 5, (1). doi:10.23889/ijpds.v5i1.1145 [RJ1552] View web page

Yap, L., Jones, J., Donovan, B., Nathan, S., Sullivan, E., Davison, S., Heffernan, E., Richards, A., Meurk, C., Steele, M., Fisher, C., Ton, B. and Butler, T. (2020). The sexual behaviours of adolescents aged between 14 and 17 years involved with the juvenile justice system in Australia: A community-based survey. PloS One, 15, (12). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243633 [RJ1667] View web page

Kirwan, A., Curtis, M., Dietze, P., Aitken, C., Woods, E., Walker, S., Kinner, S., A., Ogloff, J., R., Butler, T. and Stoove, M., A. (2019). The Prison and Transition Health (PATH) cohort study: Study protocol and baseline characteristics of a cohort of men with a history of injecting drug use leaving prison in Australia. Journal of Urban Health, 96, (3), pp. 400-410. doi:10.1007/s11524-019-00353-5 [RJ1511] View web page

Sullivan, E., Kendall, S., Chang, S., Baldry, E., Zeki, R., Gilles, M., Wilson, M., Butler, T., Levy, M., H., Wayland, S., Cullen, P., Jones, J. and Sherwood, J. (2019). Aboriginal mothers in prison in Australia: a study of social, emotional and physical wellbeing. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 43, (3), pp. 241-247. doi:10.1111/1753-6405.12892 [RJ1484] View web page

Wilson, M., Kristal, K. and Butler, T. (2019). Non-fatal strangulation: a guide for GPs. MJA InSight Plus. [UJ218] View web page

Yap, L., Simpson, P., Richters, J., Donovan, B., Grant, L. and Butler, T. (2019). Disclosing sexuality: Gay and bisexual men's experiences of coming out, forced out, going back in and staying out of the 'closet' in prison. Culture, Health and Sexuality. doi:10.1080/13691058.2019.1668963 [RJ1544] View web page

Jones, J., Wilson, M., Sullivan, E., Atkinson, L., Gilles, M., Simpson, P., Baldry, E. and Butler, T. (2018). 'Australian Aboriginal women prisoners’ experiences of being a mother: a review. International Journal of Prisoner Health, 14, (4), pp. 221-231. doi:10.1108/IJPH-12-2017-0059 [RJ1412] View web page

Wilson, M., Jones, J., Butler, T., Simpson, P., Gilles, M., Baldry, E., Levy, M., H. and Sullivan, E. (2017). Violence in the lives of incarcerated Aboriginal mothers in Western Australia. SAGE Open, 7, (1), pp. 1-16. doi:10.1177/2158244016686814 [RJ1193] View web page

Wilson, M., Simpson, P., Butler, T., Richters, J., Yap, L. and Donovan, B. (2017). ‘You’re a woman, a convenience, a cat, a poof, a thing, an idiot’: Transgender women negotiating sexual experiences in men’s prisons in Australia. Sexualities, 20, (3), pp. 380 - 402. doi:10.1177/1363460716652828 [RJ1081] View web page

Young, J., T., van Dooren, K., Lennox, N., Butler, T. and Kinner, S., A. (2015). Inter-rater reliability of the Hayes Ability Screening Index in a sample of Australian prisoners. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 59, (11), pp. 1055-1060. doi:10.1111/jir.12198 [RJ1088] View web page

Yap, L., Carruthers, S., Thompson, S., Cheng, W., S., Jones, J., Simpson, P., Richards, A., Thein, H., Haber, P., Lloyd, A. and Butler, T. (2014). A descriptive model of patient readiness, motivators, and hepatitis C treatment uptake among Australian prisoners. PloS One, 9, (2), pp. e87564. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087564 [RJ1011] View web page

Fetherston, J., Carruthers, S., Butler, T., Wilson, D. and Sindicich, N. (2013). Rates of injection in prison in a sample of Australian-injecting drug users. Journal of Substance Use, 18, (1), pp. 65-73. doi:10.3109/14659891.2012.760008 [RJ865] View web page

Kariminia, A., Butler, T., Jones, J. and Law, M. (2012). Increased mortality among Indigenous persons during and after release from prison in New South Wales. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 36, (3), pp. 274-280. doi:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2012.00844.x [RJ731] View web page

Malacova, E., Butler, T., Yap, L., Grant, L., Richards, A., Smith, A. and Donovan, B. (2012). Sexual coercion prior to imprisonment: prevalence, demographic and behavioural correlates. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 23, (8), pp. 533-9. doi:10.1258/ijsa.2011.011069 [RJ814] View web page

Richters, J., Butler, T., Schneider, K., Yap, L., Kirkwood, K., Grant, L., Richards, A., Smith, A. and Donovan, B. (2012). Consensual sex between men and sexual violence in Australian prisons. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41, (2), pp. 517-524. doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9667-3 [RJ844] View web page

Butler, T. and Stevens, C., F. (2011). National Summit on Tobacco Smoking in Prisons: Report on the Summit. National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia. ISBN: 978-0-9807054-2-3 [R247] Download PDF

Malacova, E., Butler, T., Richters, J., Yap, L., Grant, L., Richards, A., Smith, A. and Donovan, B. (2011). Attitudes towards sex: a comparison of prisoners and the general community. Sexual Health, 8, pp. 355-362. doi:10.1071/sh10113 [RJ774] View web page

Malacova, E., Butler, T., Richters, J., Yap, L., Grant, L., Richards, A., Smith, A. and Donovan, B. (2011). Knowledge of sexually transmissible infections: a comparison of prisoners and the general population. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 22, (7), pp. 381-386. doi:10.1258/ijsa.2011.010408 [RJ777] View web page

Perkes, I., Schofield, P., Butler, T. and Hollis, S. (2011). Traumatic brain injury rates and sequelae: A comparison of prisoners with a matched community sample in Australia. Brain Injury, 25, (2), pp. 131-141. doi:10.3109/02699052.2010.536193 [RJ792] View web page

Schofield, P., Butler, T., Hollis, S. and D'Este, C. (2011). Are prisoners reliable survey respondents: a validation of self-reported traumatic brain injury (TBI) against hospital medical records? Brain Injury, 25, (1), pp. 74-82. doi:10.3109/02699052.2010.531690 [RJ793] View web page

Butler, T., Richters, J., Yap, L., Papanastasiou, C., Richards, A., Schneider, K., Grant, L., Smith, A. and Donovan, B. (2010). Sexual health and behaviour of Queensland prisoners, with Queensland and New South Wales comparisons. National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth and School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney. ISBN: 978-0-9807054-0-9 [R236] Download PDF

Butler, T., Schofield, P., Greenberg, D., Allnutt, S., H., Indig, D., Carr, V., J., D'Este, C., Mitchell, P., B., Knight, L. and Ellis, A. (2010). Reducing impulsivity in repeat violent offenders: an open label trial of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44, (12), pp. 1137-1143. doi:10.3109/00048674.2010.525216 [RJ791] View web page

Haynes, R., Griffiths, P., Butler, T., Allsop, S. and Gunnell, A. (2010). Drug trends and crime tracking: relationships between indices of heroin, amphetamine and cannabis use and crime. Drug and Alcohol Office Monograph No. 6 Government of Western Australia. [M94]

Haynes, R., Griffiths, P., Chikritzhs, T., N., Butler, T., Allsop, S. and Gunnell, A. (2010). Drug trends and crime tracking: a research study investigating the relationship between heroin, amphetamine and cannabis use, drug-related harms, and crime in Western Australia (ABSTRACT). In Haynes, R. (ed.) 2010 WA Alcohol and Other Drug Symposium, (8). Drug and Alcohol Office, Perth. [UP24] Abstract

Burns, L., Randall, D., Hall, W., Law, M., Butler, T., Bell, J. and Degenhardt, L. (2009). Opioid agonist pharmacotherapy in New South Wales from 1985 to 2006: patient characteristics and patterns and predictors of treatment retention: retention in opioid agonist pharmacotherapy. Addiction, 104, (8), pp. 1363-1372. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02633.x [RJ676] View web page

Butler, T., Belcher, J., Champion, U., Kenny, D., T., Allerton, M. and Fasher, M. (2009). The physical health status of young Australian offenders. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 32, (1), pp. 73-80. doi:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2008.00169.x [RJ572] View web page

Butler, T. (2009). WA Health and Criminal Justice Research Forum report. National Drug Research Institute. [R234]

Chong, C., A., Li, S., Nguyen, G., C., Sutton, A., Levy, M., H., Butler, T., Krahn, M., D. and Thein, H. (2009). Health-state utilities in a prisoner population: a cross-sectional survey. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 7. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-7-78 [RJ726] View web page

Degenhardt, L., Randall, D., Hall, W., Law, M., Butler, T. and Burns, L. (2009). Mortality among clients of a state-wide opioid pharmacotherapy program over 20 years: Risk factors and lives saved. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 105, (1), pp. 9-15. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.05.021 [RJ695] View web page

Egeressey, A., Butler, T. and Hunter, M. (2009). 'Traumatisers or traumatised': Trauma experiences and personality characteristics of Australian prisoners. International Journal of Prisoner Health, 5, (4), pp. 212-222. doi:10.1080/17449200903343209 [RJ725] View web page

Lenton, S., Dietze, P., Degenhardt, L., Darke, S. and Butler, T. (2009). Naloxone for administration by peers in cases of heroin overdose. Medical Journal of Australia, 198, (8), pp. 469. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02891.x [RJ685] View web page

Lenton, S., Dietze, P., Degenhardt, L., Darke, S. and Butler, T. (2009). Now is the time to take steps to allow peer access to naloxone for heroin overdose in Australia. Drug and Alcohol Review, 28, (6), pp. 583-585. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00125.x [RJ702] View web page

Richmond, R., Butler, T., Wilhelm, K., Wodak, A., Cunningham, M. and Anderson, I. (2009). Tobacco in prisons: a focus group study. Tobacco Control, 18, (3), pp. 176-182. doi:10.1136/tc.2008.026393 [RJ733] View web page

Allnutt, S., H., Wedgewood, L., Wilhelm, K. and Butler, T. (2008). Temperament, substance use and psychopathology in a prisoner population: implications for treatment. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 42, (11), pp. 969-975. Blackwell Science Asia, Carlton, VIC. doi:10.1080/00048670802415350 [R215] View web page

Butler, T. (2008). Prisoner Health. Australia's Health 2008. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra. pp. 87-91. ISBN: 978 1 74024 762 7 [CH148]

Butler, T. (2008). Prisoner health research: why bother? CentreLines, (24). NDRI, Perth, Western Australia. pp. 2-3. [UP20] Download PDF

Butler, T. and Papanastasiou, C. (2008). National Prison Entrants' Bloodborne Virus & Risk Behaviour Survey Report 2004 & 2007. National Drug Research Institute (Curtin University) & National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research (University of New South Wales). ISBN: 1 74067 582 7 [R223] Download PDF

Cashin, A., Potter, E. and Butler, T. (2008). The relationship between exercise and hopelessness in prison. Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, 15, (1), pp. 66-71. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2007.01207.x [RJ677] View web page

Richters, J., Butler, T., Yap, L., Kirkwood, K., Grant, L., Smith, A., Schneider, K. and Donovan, B. (2008). Sexual health and behaviour of New South Wales prisoners. School of Public Health and Community Medicine., University of New South Wales. ISBN: 978-0-7334-2687-2 [M72] Download PDF

Butler, T., Allnutt, S., H. and Yang, B. (2007). Mentally ill prison inmates in Australia have poor physical health. International Journal of Prisoner Health, 3, (2), pp. 99-110. doi:10.1080/17449200701321431 [RJ578] View web page

Butler, T., Boonwaat, L., Hailstone, S., Falconer, T., Lems, P., Ginley, T., Read, V., Smith, N., E., Levy, M., H., Dore, G., J. and Kaldor, J., M. (2007). The 2004 Australian prison entrants' blood borne viruses and risk behaviour survey. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 31, (1), pp. 44-50. doi:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2007.00009.x [RJ583] View web page

Butler, T., Allnutt, S., H., Cain, D. and Kariminia, A. (2007). Mental health status of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australian prisoners. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41, (5), pp. 429-435. doi:10.1080/00048670701261210 [RJ575] View web page

Butler, T., Kariminia, A., Law, M., Levy, M., H., Corben, S., Kaldor, J., M. and Grant, L. (2007). Suicide risk among recently released prisoners in New South Wales, Australia. Medical Journal of Australia, 187, pp. 387-390. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01307.x [RJ569] View web page

Butler, T., Richmond, R., Belcher, J., Wilhelm, K. and Wodak, A. (2007). Should smoking be banned in prisons? Tobacco Control, 16, (5), pp. 291-293. doi:10.1136/tc.2007.021600 [RJ571] View web page

Eckstein, G., Levy, M., H. and Butler, T. (2007). Can health inequalities be addressed? An assessment of Prisoner Health Services in New South Wales, Australia. International Journal of Prisoner Health, 3, (1), pp. 69-76. doi:10.1080/17449200601149247 [RJ574] View web page

Gjersing, L., Butler, T., Capelhorn, J., Belcher, J. and Matthews, R. (2007). Attitudes and beliefs towards methadone maintenance treatment among Australian prison health staff. Drug and Alcohol Review, 26, (5), pp. 501-508. doi:10.1080/09595230701499118 [RJ573] View web page

Kariminia, A. and Butler, T. (2007). Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal health differentials in Australian prisoners. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 31, (4), pp. 366-371. doi:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2007.00089.x [RJ576] View web page

Kariminia, A., Butler, T., Corben, S., Levy, M., H., Grant, L., Kaldor, J., M. and Law, M. (2007). Extreme cause specific mortality among adults who have served time in prison. International Journal of Epidemiology, 36, (2), pp. 310-316. doi:10.1093/ije/dyl225 [RJ582] View web page

Kariminia, A., Law, M., Butler, T., Corben, S., Levy, M., H., Kaldor, J., M. and Grant, L. (2007). Factors associated with mortality in a cohort of Australian prisoners. European Journal of Epidemiology, 22, pp. 417-428. doi:10.1007/s10654-007-9134-1 [RJ570] View web page

Levy, M., H., Butler, T. and Zhao, J. (2007). Prevalence of Mantoux positivity and annual risk of infection for tuberculosis in New South Wales prisoners, 1996 and 2001. NSW Public Health Bulletin, 18, (8), pp. 119-124. doi:10.1071/nb07051 [RJ579] View web page

Minc, A., Butler, T. and Gahan, G. (2007). The Jailbreak Health Project: incorporating a unique radio programme for prisoners. International Journal of Drug Policy, 18, (5), pp. 444-446. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.04.003 [RJ655] View web page

Van der Poorten, D., Kenny, D., T., Butler, T. and George, J. (2007). Liver disease in adolescents: A cohort study of high-risk individuals. Hepatology, 46, (6), pp. 1750-1758. doi:10.1002/hep.21918 [RJ654] View web page

Yap, L., Butler, T., Richters, J., Kirkwood, K., Grant, L., Saxby, M., Ropp, F. and Donovan, B. (2007). Do condoms cause rape and mayhem? The long-term effects of condoms in New South Wales prisons. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 83, (3), pp. 219-222. doi:10.1136/sti.2006.022996 [RJ584] View web page

Baker, A., Ivers, R., G., Bowman, J., Butler, T., Kay-Lambkin, F., J., Wye, P., Walsh, R., A., Jackson Pulver, L., Richmond, R., Belcher, J., Wilhelm, K. and Wodak, A. (2006). Where there's smoke, there's fire: high prevalence of smoking among some sub-populations and recommendations for intervention. Drug and Alcohol Review, 25, (1), pp. 85-96. doi:10.1080/09595230500459552 [RJ591] View web page

Belcher, J., Butler, T., Richmond, R., Wodak, A. and Wilhelm, K. (2006). Smoking and its correlates in an Australian prisoner population. Drug and Alcohol Review, 25, (4), pp. 343-348. doi:10.1080/09595230600741198 [RJ588] View web page

Butler, T. (2006). A review of data collections relating to Indigenous and non-indigenous people in Australian prisons. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare., Canberra. [R230]

Butler, T. (2006). Prisoner Health. Australia's Health 2006. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra. pp. 249-251. ISBN: 1 74024 565 2 [CH160]

Butler, T. (2006). The health of the people of New South Wales: report of the chief health officer. Population Health Division - Aboriginal Prisoner Health 2006. NSW Department of Health, Sydney, Australia. [CH163] View web page

Butler, T. and Kariminia, A. (2006). Prison violence: Perspectives and epidemiology. NSW Public Health Bulletin, 17, (2), pp. 17-19. doi:10.1071/nb06005 [RJ587] View web page

Butler, T., Andrews, G., Allnutt, S., H., Smith, N., E., Sakashita, C. and Basson, J. (2006). Mental disorders in Australian prisoners: A comparison with a community sample. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40, (3), pp. 272-276. [RJ592]

Cashin, A., Butler, T., Levy, M., H. and Potter, E. (2006). Intellectual disability in the New South Wales inmate population. International Journal of Prisoner Health, 2, (2), pp. 115-120. doi:10.1080/17449200600935752 [RJ586] View web page

Kenny, D., T., Nelson, P., Butler, T., Lennings, C., Allerton, M. and Champion, U. (2006). NSW Young people on community orders health survey 2003-2006: Key findings Report. Key findings report., The University of Sydney. ISBN: 1-86487-845-2 [R225] Download PDF

Richmond, R., Butler, T., Belcher, J., Wodak, A., Wilhelm, K. and Baxter, E. (2006). Promoting smoking cessation among prisoners: Feasibility of a multi-component intervention. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 30, (5), pp. 474-478. doi:10.1111/j.1467-842X.2006.tb00467.x [RJ581] View web page

Riddell, S., Nielssen, O., Butler, T., Macdonald, C. and Starmer, G. (2006). The relationship between amphetamine use, crime and psychiatric disorder among prisoners in New South Wales. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 13, (2), pp. 160-165. doi:10.1375/pplt.13.2.160 [RJ580] View web page

Schofield, P., Butler, T., Hollis, S., Smith, N., E., Lee, S. and Kelso, W., M. (2006). Neuropsychiatric correlates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among Australian prison entrants. Brain Injury, 20, (13), pp. 1409-1418. doi:10.1080/02699050601130443 [RJ585] View web page

Schofield, P., Butler, T., Hollis, S., Smith, N., E., Lee, S. and Kelso, W., M. (2006). Traumatic brain injury among Australian prisoners: Rates, recurrence and sequelae. Brain Injury, 20, (5), pp. 499-506. doi:10.1080/02699050600664749 [RJ589] View web page

Thein, H., Butler, T., Krahn, M., D., Rawlinson, W., Levy, M., H., Kaldor, J., M. and Dore, G., J. (2006). The effect of hepatitis C virus infection on health-related quality of life in prisoners. Journal of Urban Health, 83, (2), pp. 275-288. doi:10.1007/s11524-005-9015-4 [RJ590] View web page

Butler, T., Allnutt, S., H., Cain, D., Owens, D. and Muller, C. (2005). Mental Disorder in the New South Wales Prisoner Population. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 39, (5), pp. 407-413. doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01589.x [RJ596] View web page

Butler, T., Boonwaat, L. and Hailstone, S. (2005). National prison entrants' blood borne virus survey 2004: Prevalence of HIV, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and risk behaviours among Australian prison entrants. Centre for Health Research in Criminal Justice & National Centres in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW. ISBN: 0-7347-37440 [CH165]

D'Souza, R., M., Butler, T. and Petrovsky, N. (2005). Assessment of cardiovascular disease risk factors and diabetes mellitus in Australian prisons: Is the prisoner population unhealthier than the rest of the Australian population? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 29, pp. 318-323. doi:10.1111/j.1467-842X.2005.tb00200.x [RJ595] View web page

Kariminia, A., Butler, T., Corben, S., Kaldor, J., M., Levy, M., H. and Law, M. (2005). Mortality among prisoners: How accurate is the Australian National Death Index? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 29, (6), pp. 572-575. doi:10.1111/j.1467-842X.2005.tb00253.x [RJ593] View web page

Levy, M., H. and Butler, T. (2005). Prisoner Health. In Eyland, S. and O'Toole, S. (eds.) Corrections Criminology. Hawkins Press, Sydney, Australia. ISBN: 1 87606 717 9 [CH161]

Butler, T. (2004). Prisoner's Health. Australia's Health 2004. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra. pp. 218-219. ISBN: 1 74024 382 x [CH162]

Butler, T. (2004). The health of the people of New South Wales: the report of the chief health officer 2004. Population Health Division. NSW Department of Health, Sydney, Australia. [CH164]

Butler, T., Kariminia, A., Levy, M., H. and Murphy, M. (2004). The self-reported health status of prisoners in New South Wales. Australia and New Zealand Medical Journal, 28, (4), pp. 344-350. doi:10.1111/j.1467-842X.2004.tb00442.x [RJ657] View web page

Butler, T., Kariminia, A., Levy, M., H. and Kaldor, J., M. (2004). Prisons are a risk for hepatitis C transmission. European Journal of Epidemiology, 19, pp. 1119-1122. doi:10.1007/s10654-004-1705-9 [RJ656] View web page

Butler, T., Kariminia, A., Trevathan, L. and Bond, J. (2004). Injury surveillance in the New South Wales prison system. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 15, pp. 151-154. [RJ598]

Murray, N., Butler, T. and LePage, E. (2004). Hearing health of NSW prison inmates. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 28, (6), pp. 537-541. doi:10.1111/j.1467-842X.2004.tb00043.x [RJ594] View web page

Quilty, S., Levy, M., H., Howard, K., Barratt, A. and Butler, T. (2004). Children of prisoners in Australia: A large and growing public health concern. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 28, (4), pp. 339-343. doi:10.1111/j.1467-842X.2004.tb00441.x [RJ597] View web page

Butler, T. and Allnutt, S., H. (2003). Mental illness among New South Wales' prisoners. NSW Corrections Health Service. ISBN: 0-7347-3559-6 [R229] Download PDF

Butler, T. and Milner, L. (2003). The 2001 New South Wales Inmate Health Survey. Corrections Health Service., Sydney, Australia. ISBN: 0-7347-3560-x [R228]

Butler, T., Levy, M., H., Dolan, K. and Kaldor, J., M. (2003). Drug use and its correlates in an Australian prisoner population. Addiction Research, 11, (2), pp. 89-101. doi:10.1080/1606635021000021403 [RJ658] View web page

Guthrie, J., Butler, T. and Sefton, A. (2003). Measuring health service satisfaction: female inmates. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 16, (4), pp. 173-179. doi:10.1108/09526860310479659 [RJ659] View web page

Kenny, D., T., Butler, T., Allerton, M. and Champion, U. (2003). Young people in custody health survey. NSW Department of Juvenile Justice. ISBN: 0-7347-6518-5 [R227]

Osborn, M., Butler, T. and Barnard, P. (2003). Oral health status of prison inmates - New South Wales, Australia. Australian Dental Journal, 48, (1), pp. 34-39. doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2003.tb00006.x [RJ660] View web page

Butler, T. (2002). Australia's Health. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare., Canberra. pp. 225-227. ISBN: 1-74024-191-6 [CH166]

Butler, T., Donovan, B., Levy, M., H. and Kaldor, J., M. (2002). Sex behind the prison walls. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 26, (4), pp. 390-391. doi:10.1111/j.1467-842X.2002.tb00193.x [RJ661] View web page

Babidge, N., Buhrich, N. and Butler, T. (2001). Mortality among homeless people with schizophrenia in Sydney, Australia: a 10 year follow-up. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 103, pp. 105-110. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.00192.x [RJ665] View web page

Butler, T., Robertson, P., Kaldor, J., M. and Donovan, B. (2001). Syphilis in New South Wales (Australia) Prisons. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 12, (6), pp. 376-379. doi:10.1258/0956462011923318 [RJ664] View web page

Butler, T., Donovan, B., Fleming, J., Levy, M., H. and Kaldor, J., M. (2001). Childhood sexual abuse among Australian prisoners. Vereneology, 14, (3), pp. 109-115. [RJ663] View web page

Banwell, K., Butler, T., Ferson, M., J., Hatzi, S. and Paraskevopoulos, P. (2000). Introducing a NSW Vessel Inspection Program for cruise ships. NSW Public Health Bulletin, 11, (8), pp. 148-150. doi:10.1071/nb00068 [RJ666] View web page

Butler, T., Donovan, B., Taylor, J., Cunningham, A., Mindel, A., Levy, M., H. and Kaldor, J., M. (2000). Herpes simplex virus type 2 in prisoners, New South Wales, Australia. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 11, (11), pp. 743-747. doi:10.1258/0956462001915174 [RJ662] View web page

Egger, S. and Butler, T. (2000). The long-term factors associated with removal from parents amongst Indigenous Prisoners in NSW. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 24, (4), pp. 454-455. doi:10.1111/j.1467-842X.2000.tb01613.x [RJ667] View web page

Butler, T. and Levy, M., H. (1999). Mantoux positivity among prison inmates - New South Wales, 1996. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 23, (2), pp. 185-188. doi:10.1111/j.1467-842X.1999.tb01232.x [RJ668] View web page

Butler, T., Spencer, J., D., Cui, J., Vickery, K. and Kaldor, J., M. (1999). Seroprevalence of markers for hepatitis B, C and G in male and female prisoners - NSW, 1996. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 23, (4), pp. 377-384. doi:10.1111/j.1467-842X.1999.tb01278.x [RJ669] View web page

Butler, T. (1997). Preliminary findings of the NSW inmate health survey. NSW Correctional Health Service. ISBN: 07313-40981 [R226]

Butler, T. and Ferson, M., J. (1997). Faecal pollution of ocean swimming pools and stormwater outlets in eastern Sydney. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 21, (6), pp. 567-571. doi:10.1111/j.1467-842X.1997.tb01756.x [RJ671] View web page

Butler, T., Dolan, K., Ferson, M., J., McGuiness, M., Brown, P. and Robertson, P. (1997). Hepatitis B and C in New South Wales prisons: prevalence and risk factors. Medical Journal of Australia, 166, pp. 127-130. [RJ670]

Butler, T. and Taylor, H. (1996). Hepatitis C behind the prison walls. The Hepatitis C Review. pp. 13. [UJ156]

Conaty, S., Christensen, A., Butler, T., McAnulty, J. and Golberg, H. (1996). Tuberculosis in NSW correctional centres: Disease control measures following infectious cases. NSW Public Health Bulletin, 7, (11), pp. 138-139. doi:10.1071/nb96048 [RJ673] View web page

Jenkins, R., Harvey, S., Butler, T. and Thomas, R., L. (1996). Minor psychiatric morbidity, its prevalence and outcome in a cohort of civil servants - a seven year follow-up study. Occupational Medicine, 46, (3), pp. 209-215. doi:10.1093/occmed/46.3.209 [RJ672] View web page

Harvey, S., Butler, T., Thomas, R., L. and Jenkins, R. (1992). Patterns of alcohol consumption in white collar workers: a cross sectional and longitudinal study. British Journal of Addiction, 87, (1), pp. 91-102. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb01904.x [RJ674] View web page

Jenkins, R., Harvey, S., Butler, T. and Thomas, R., L. (1992). A six-year longitudinal study of the occupational consequences of drinking over "safe limits" of alcohol. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 49, (5), pp. 369-374. doi:10.1136/oem.49.5.369 [RJ675] View web page

Curtis, M., Dietze, P., Aitken, C., Kirwan, A., Kinner, S., A., Butler, T. and Stoove, M., A. (2018). Acceptability of prison-based take-home naloxone programmes among a cohort of incarcerated men with a history of regular injecting drug use. Harm Reduction Journal, 15, (48). doi:10.1186/s12954-018-0255-5 [RJ] View web page