The literature is reviewed with a view to determining what evidence exists for the success of Australia's policy of harm minimisation in relation to drug use. While there are relatively few examples of strategies which can unequivocally be said to have succeeded, there are many more for which the evidence is suggestive. While there has been a considerable mushrooming of research since the advent of the National Campaign on Drug Abuse, it would appear that little of this has measured the extent to which harm has been reduced. The National Drug Strategy would benefit from more policy oriented research which measures drug related harm if it is to be, as claimed, research driven.